I. The new vineyard (1-6)
In the last days, the Lord will punish "Leviathan the fleeing serpent", a symbolic name for Satan, and will "slay the dragon in the sea" (v1). The "dragon in the sea" refers to the anti-christ, as described in Revelation 13:1 - "And I saw a beast rising out of the sea, with ten horns and seven heads, with ten diadems on its horns and blasphemous names on its heads."
God will be the keeper of the "pleasant vineyard", which often refers to Israel. God will protect it and march against those that comes against it.
In days to come, "Israel shall ... fill the whole world with fruit" (v6) - this is already fulfilled: tropical and citrus fruits are the 3rd largest export of Israel today, after diamonds and petroleum.
II. Expiation and desolation (7-11)
The Lord has not punished Judah as severely as He will strike the enemies. Jacob's guilt will be "atoned for" and the stones of the idols will be crushed into pieces.
The "fortified city", the cities of men, will be deserted. They will be like the wilderness, and can only be used to make fire. Thee people have no discernment and God, their maker, will not have compassion on them. (v11)
III. The Ingathering of Israel (12-13)
In the last days, the Lord will glean Israel's people one by one. A great trumpet will sound, and those who were exiled into Assyria and those who escaped to Egypt, (ie. the northern 10 tribes) will return to Jerusalem to worship God.
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